How Does Industry 4.0 Differ From The Previous Generation?
//Summary - Level-C2//
Industry 4.0 represents the latest phase in global manufacturing evolution, distinguishing itself from its predecessors by integrating digital and physical realms. Unlike Industry 3.0's digital revolution, Industry 4.0 optimises connectivity and decentralisation and incorporates technologies like the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, 3D printing, human-machine interfaces, augmented reality, and the industrial Internet of Things. These advancements promise increased efficiency, better decision-making, and transformative changes in manufacturing. Cybersecurity becomes crucial amid increased connectivity, emphasising the need for adaptability in the evolving industrial landscape.
//Summary - Level-A2//
Industry 4.0 is the latest stage in global digital manufacturing, marking a significant leap in technological evolution. It builds on previous industrial revolutions, such as steam power and automation. Industry 4.0 integrates physical and digital realms, utilising technologies like the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data. These innovations, including 3D printing and augmented reality, enhance efficiency and connectivity. Embracing these advancements is crucial for success in the evolving manufacturing landscape, leading to increased productivity and new possibilities.
//Industry era//
1st: Mechanisation, water power, steam power
2nd: Mass production, assembly line, electricity
3rd: Computer and Automation
4th: Cyber-Physical Systems
5th: The close collaboration between people and artificially intelligent machines.
1)
Industry 4.0 is the next step in our global, digital, manufacturing and industrial evolution.
Humanity is constantly and inevitably innovating, and the last few years have seen some of the most significant leaps in digitalisation in a generation.
2)
But this 'invention', among many others, is just the latest iteration in what we now call Industry 4.0, or the Fourth Industrial Revolution - the continuous, global, multi-faceted evolution of manufacturing. The fruits of these great leaps in manufacturing output and products are new ways of working, creating, living, providing food and energy, managing economies, socialising and keeping people healthy.
3)
As discussed below, every generation has its evolutionary 'moment' - a creation or invention that shifts the manufacturing status quo and opens up new avenues of possibility. These inventions herald a change in how we live and perceive progress, typifying each industrial revolution.
Think of the steam engine, the assembly line, nuclear power and air travel - all pointing to a new normal, a new way of living and working that changed the trajectory of humanity, and all driven from manufacturers' workshops and engine rooms worldwide.
4)
We're now between Industry 3.0 and 4.0 - indeed, we've already leapt.
The development of AI systems is bringing AGI closer. But for the layman, what on earth are Industry 4.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution? How does Industry 4.0 differ from the previous generation, and why does it matter that we label these industrial ages as such?
We can see the rhythms of history within each age and learn from how macro changes affect people to ensure that our next industrial revolution doesn't leave anyone behind.
5)
How Industry 1.0 Became Industry 4.0
Here's a visualisation of the different stages of industrial production and where we find ourselves in 2023, staring over the precipice of a new dawn of computing, cyber-physical systems, AI and new forms of industrial production.
6)
What was Industry 1.0?
Industry 1.0 refers to the first industrial revolution - a period from the mid-18th century to the end of the 19th century characterised by the emergence of mechanised manufacturing and industrial production.
Think steam power, coal power, the first factories, the rise of factory-centred cities and the beginnings of mass movements of labour and investment into urban areas and areas of high industrial production.
7)
Early signs pointed to significant improvements in living conditions, sowing the seeds for the age of mass production. But it was an era marked by inequality, poor safety standards, child labour, the continuing scourge of slavery and bonded labour, the rise of empires and the significant and destructive extraction of wealth from the global South and East.
8)
What was Industry 2.0?
Industry 2.0 was the era of mass production - the assembly line, the centralisation and monopolisation of manufacturing and the end of specialist cottage industries, all powered by a new world-changing technology - electricity.
9)
The perfect example of Industry 2.0 was the car - the ideal combination of assembly line efficiency, new engineering power, rapidly delivered infrastructure, total supply chain and labour control, and increasing customer investment and capital expenditure. Other notable inventions - such as nuclear power - are also pillars of Industry 2.0, as is the significant shift of money, power and influence to the West through supranational organisations such as the UN and NATO.
10)
Industry 2.0 can also be seen as the age of world war. Industrialised forms of warfare brought untold suffering to hundreds of millions of people worldwide in the mid-20th century, and from the assembly lines of our war economies rolled the new instruments of power - the atomic bomb, nerve gas, drones and biological weapons.
11)
What was Industry 3.0?
The third industrial revolution was what we now call the digital revolution - it encompassed the rise of the computer, robotic manufacturing, email, the Internet, automation, and the emergence of cloud computing and software-driven efficiencies that began at the end of the 20th century.
Other consumer-driven creations also define the Third Industrial Revolution, such as cheap air travel, social media, the rise of the mobile phone, the electric car and the production of renewable energy.
12)
But on the other side of the revolutionary coin are uniquely 21st-century dysfunctions - the erosion of trust in public and social institutions by the rise of alternative truths generated online, insecure global supply chains that wither under stress, the vast hoarding of wealth by the super-rich, and the slow trickle of new forms of mass migration - not to mention the rising spectre of water scarcity and food insecurity - as the climate crisis begins to tighten its grip.
13)
What is Industry 4.0?
"The fourth industrial revolution will take what began in the third, with the introduction of computers and automation, and augment it with intelligent and autonomous systems powered by data and machine learning".
14)
Industry 4.0 is where our physical and digital worlds come together - the typical Industry, 4.0 standard bearers of progress, are the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data, and how these creations intersect with human networks and industrial capabilities worldwide.
In short, Industry 4.0 optimises what happened in Industry 3.0 by creating more interconnectivity and decentralisation between cultures, knowledge centres, manufacturers and users.
15)
Of course, the future of Industry 4.0 and the transition to Industry 5.0 is still to be discovered. The incredible changes that have taken place in manufacturing in the 21st century are now firmly driven by digitalisation and the efficiencies it brings.
They impact everything from manufacturing processes to principles and technologies, not to mention how manufacturing is driven, delivered, used, or understood.
16)
Although the future is uncertain, the groundwork is already laid for a time when digital networks and online fiction will be the rule rather than the exception.
Here are some notable examples of how our environment is changing and where it is heading:
17)
Big Data
"Big data can be described as data management challenges that traditional databases cannot solve due to the increasing volume, velocity and variety of data.
A sound big data strategy can help organisations reduce costs and gain operational efficiencies by migrating heavy existing workloads to big data technologies, as well as deploying new applications to take advantage of new opportunities".
18)
Big data is the fuel of the future for business success. But with the increasing digitisation of everything from supply chain management to manufacturing production data to customer data, manufacturers have never been more connected to real-time product usage than they are today.
19)
This connectivity means better decision-making, more immediate and relevant customer service, better production visibility and, most importantly, visibility into inefficiencies.
In short, manufacturers are leading a new culture of hyper-reactive, agile product creation by collecting, analysing and using big data to improve services.
20)
Advanced Analytics
"Advanced analytics is the autonomous or semi-autonomous examination of data or content using sophisticated techniques and tools, typically beyond those of traditional business intelligence (BI), to discover deeper insights, make predictions or generate recommendations".
21)
Hand in hand with big data, advanced analytics is driving businesses into new, data-driven efficiencies. An example would be a car manufacturer receiving live data from its online configuration tool and analysing it to suggest actions to maximise profits.
22)
Machine learning.
"Machine learning" is a branch of artificial intelligence and computer science that uses data and algorithms to mimic how humans learn, gradually improving their accuracy.
Machine learning allows computers to learn new things independently, without relying on pre-programmed algorithms to complete tasks or iteratively know how to perform certain functions, significantly increasing their usefulness in all processes.
23)
Some examples include facial, image and speech recognition software, all of which learn as the systems scan and interpret data in real-time, providing analysis or more accurate data parsing with more data.
24)
Additive Manufacturing, also known as Digital to Physical
"3D printing," or additive manufacturing, is constructing a three-dimensional object from a CAD or digital 3D model.
The material can be built up using multiple computer-controlled processes, often layer by layer. This is followed by deposition, joining or solidification.
25)
3D printing has disrupted traditional manufacturing for several years, with industry giants using 3D printing to build prototypes and even final production models. The future of 3D printing could transform many industries, from healthcare prosthetics to weapons manufacturing to home building.
26)
Human Machine Interfaces
An HMI is "the hardware or software through which an operator interacts with a controller. An HMI can range from a physical control panel with buttons and indicator lights to an industrial PC with a colour graphics display running dedicated HMI software".
27)
Although we've had proto-HMIs since the advent of the computer, a new generation of hardware and software tools that allow operators to better monitor and control industrial processes with more excellent safety and operational efficiency is emerging.
The most common example of an HMI is a touchscreen - yes, we all have one in our hands, and the same technology that powers our phones will eventually become ubiquitous in manufacturing.
28)
Augmented Reality
"Augmented Reality is an interactive experience that combines the real world with computer-generated content. The content can span multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory".
The clearest example of AR within manufacturing is using augmented reality to inspect virtual designs before committing to manufacturing.
29)
This semi-virtual, digital overlay fabrication and manufacturing inspection system has precise, beneficial applications. However, we're still in the early days of what AR can do in manufacturing and Industry.
30)
Industrial Internet of Things
"The Internet of Things (IoT)" refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances and other physical objects embedded with sensors, software and network connectivity that allows them to collect and share data.
31)
The IoT is already a reality in our homes and is rapidly spreading to the factory floor.
Industrial devices (connected via an industrial internet) that can communicate digitally with each other significantly reduce downtime and greatly improve efficiency and are increasingly present in cloud and edge computing in industrial contexts, as well as in energy management, robotics and cognitive computing.
32)
The Cloud
"The cloud" refers to servers accessed over the Internet and the software and databases that run on those servers. Cloud servers are located in data centres around the world.
The cloud is another technology from the service sector that has entered manufacturing. It offers manufacturers the same scalability, redundancy and cost benefits as the service sector but is fundamentally different.
33)
Cloud manufacturing has unique advantages such as data accessibility across multiple sites and devices, shared capabilities, increased sustainability, flexibility and end-to-end due diligence from customer order to delivery.
34)
Cyber Security
"The core function of cyber security" is to protect the devices we use (smartphones, laptops, tablets and computers) and the services we access - both online and at work - from theft or damage. It's also about preventing unauthorised access to the vast amounts of personal information we store on these devices and online.
35)
New risks come with all this new connectivity, device-based working, and extensive data access. Robust cyber security is essential to protect vital data and tools, people and workplaces. As the scale of the problem grows exponentially year on year, manufacturers need to be aware of the threats and able to mitigate the worst.
36)
As 'smart' manufacturing increases, these systems are more vulnerable to risk. When "legacy equipment, fragmented security infrastructure and large workforces with varying levels of information technology training" come into play, the risks become more significant - the foundations of a new normal of chronic cybersecurity threats for Industry 4.0 are here.
37)
The Bottom Line.
While this isn't a comprehensive list of Industry 4.0 technologies, it's a small but focused sampling of what manufacturing will look like in 2023 and beyond.
38)
And just as the first industrial revolution dramatically increased productivity, this digital one will bring new production efficiencies to light. The key to success for companies and employees is to embrace these new, novel technologies, master them and become industry leaders in them.
How Does Industry 4.0 Differ From The Previous Generation?
https://www.renaix.com/industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/
Add info)
Industry 5.0: What is it, and how does it differ from Industry 4.0?
We are in the transition between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.
This article gives you the keys to differentiate between them and see how the new industrial revolution can help us.
https://www.telefonica.com/en/communication-room/blog/industry-5-differences-industry-4/
Throughout human history, we can count up to four industrial revolutions. Today, we are in the so-called Industry 4.0, characterised by automated processes and the increasing use of intelligent machines. But little by little, ''Industry 5.0'' is becoming an increasingly palpable reality.
What is Industry 5.0, and how does it differ from Industry 4.0?
But what is Industry 5.0?
Industry 5.0′ represents what will be the next industrial revolution. In it, people collaborate closely, daily and efficiently with artificial intelligence. We are in the middle of the previous step, the so-called ''Industry 4.0''. This step pertains to the relationship between the human factor and information and communication technologies (ICT) in production processes.
What is the difference between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0?
Although both use artificial intelligence to optimise and make the global Industry a more efficient area, Industry 5.0 is even more concerned with sustainability and personalisation of production, i.e. generating precisely what the population demands and reducing surpluses that can cause environmental problems.
What are the critical characteristics of Industry 5.0?
One of the key features of Industry 5.0 is the close collaboration between people and artificially intelligent machines: this is the crucial feature of Industry 5.0. In this evolution, machines do not replace humans but complement their skills to make them more efficient, better detect the needs of society, and thus personalise production to avoid surpluses that endanger the planetary ecosystem.
Industry 5.0 also has an essential ally in the Internet of Things: machines can communicate with each other to exchange data in real time and become more efficient and sustainable. During this exchange of information, it will be possible to detect irregularities in the production chain and thus implement strategies for more efficient energy use a posteriori. Does a factory misuse lighting and air-conditioning? Is it unable to identify which of its equipment is abusing energy consumption? IoT and Big Data are essential to make factories bright.
//Postscript//
As digitalisation, AI and AGI progress, we will increasingly seek real experiences, the meaning of existence, philosophy and the reality of the universe and things.
Many things in our lives already surround us. There is also an abundance of information and data.
We no longer need to remember so many events and information.
However, we cannot suppress our desire to know more about their meaning and significance.
AI-based work, art and business will become more popular in the future. But at the same time, won't we begin to seek experiences, memories and real sensations?
We need to develop and deepen our humanity.
At that time, AI support will become indispensable.
After all, finding personal, professional professors and tools who can teach you about philosophy and the universe is challenging.
I will want to read meaningful classics, have more in-depth discussions, and cherish our time with family and friends.
//Question//
Q. What cybersecurity risks are linked with the increased connectivity in Industry 4.0?
A->
As Industry 4.0 enables smoother Internet connections, measures will be needed to protect against information leaks and cyber-attacks, as well as system updates and education to prevent human error.
However, I don't think it is possible to completely prevent important information on the Internet from being stolen or destroyed by various countries.
The operating systems we mainly use today are Windows and MacOS. It means that an American company creates these OS, and we can use all information on them.
That's why when I was a child, I liked the environment where the Japanese software Ichitaro, which became the origin of the Word software, was running on a standalone PC running MS-DOS.
Some kind of resignation may be necessary.
I think it's best to be prepared that information on the Internet will be exposed to a certain extent to everyone, no matter how sensitive the data is and how well you build a defence system.
However, is that true?
We continue to update new information, innovate, and make discoveries daily.
The information on the Internet is not necessarily the latest and greatest.
The latest information on the highest level of technology may be written in the handwritten notes of engineers and scientists.
Also, excellent actors and musicians perform extraordinary acts and performances on stage daily in theatres.
We should use them and develop our skills to overcome them.
First, securing them requires regular updates, employee training, and suitable authentication methods and systems.
In addition to that, we need to seriously think about how to protect the genuinely core technology and art.
We were able to witness unique AI technology this year with ChatGPT.
This has had as significant an impact as the invention of electricity, the development of the car industry, and the use of the web, email, and smartphones. However, it also made me realise that I have beautiful abilities that are more human-like.
It is a limitless and extraordinary power of imagination and expression. And the incredible presence and overwhelming performance of humans.
We can stand on an even better stage by using AI or AGI.
