Neoconservative VS Conservative: Similarities

A)
Irving Kristol (the father of Neoconservatism) said that a neoconservative is a term used to describe a "liberal mugged by reality" who has become more conservative as he has seen the consequences of liberal policies.

Kristol identified three distinct characteristics of Neoconservatism that distinguish it from other forms of conservatism.

B)
Neo-conservatives were forward-looking, rooted in their liberal past, rather than the dour and reactionary conservatism of earlier conservatives. They also took a more positive stance in recommending alternative reforms rather than denouncing social liberal reforms. And they took philosophical ideas and ideologies seriously.

Read on to find out more.

C)
What is a neoconservative?
Neoconservatism (commonly abbreviated to neocon) is an American political movement that began in the United States in the 1960s among conservative Democrats dissatisfied with their party's foreign policy.

D)
"Neoconservatism" or "neoconservative" refers to those who have transitioned from the Stalinist-friendly left to the side of American conservatism. Neoconservatives generally advocate the promotion of democracy and the advancement of American national interests in international affairs, including the use of military force.

They are also known for their disdain for communism and political radicalism.

Black Power advocates have accused white liberals and northern Jews of hypocrisy on integration, promoting perceived settler colonialism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and "anti-communism", which included significant support for Marxist-Leninist political ideology in the 1960s.

E)
Many neoconservatives were frightened by what they saw as the anti-Semitic views of Black Power advocates. Irving Kristol edited the journal The Public Interest (1965-2005), which featured political scientists and economists and emphasised how government policies in the liberal state were causing unintended harm.

Many of the early neoconservative political leaders were disaffected Democratic intellectuals and politicians, such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan, who served in both the Nixon and Ford administrations, and Jeane Kirkpatrick, who served as US ambassador to the United Nations in the Reagan administration.

Many left-wing academics, such as Frank Meyer and James Burnham, later joined the conservative movement of the time.

For more information on this topic, have a look at this video.

What is a neoconservative?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLtFxykg1ew

F)
What is conservatism?
Conservatism in the United States is a political and social philosophy emphasising the American traditions of republicanism, classical liberalism, and a limited federal government relative to the states.

G)
It is often referred to simply as states' rights and limited government. Conservative and Christian media organisations and American conservatives are influential, and American conservatism is one of the most popular political ideologies in the Republican Party.

On social issues, American conservatives generally support Christian beliefs, moral absolutism, traditional family values, American individualism and exceptionalism but oppose the idea of marriage equality and abortion.

H)
On economic issues, it tends to be pro-capitalist and anti-union. On national issues, it usually calls for a robust national defence and gun rights, as well as free trade and the protection of Western culture from the perceived threat of communism and moral relativism.

Conservatives are likelier than liberals and moderates to have a negative view of science, especially medical science, climate science and evolution.

It is somewhat similar to Neoconservatism, but there are differences.

I)
Different types of conservatism
US conservatism is not a one-way street. Barry Goldwater, in the 1960s, advocated "free enterprise" conservatism. In the 1980s, Jerry Falwell championed traditional moral and religious social values. Ronald Reagan's challenge was to bring these groups together into an electorally viable coalition.

In the United States of the 21st century, the types of conservatism are

J)
Neoconservatism
Neoconservatism is a new style of conservatism that supports a more aggressive and interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy overseas. It's not opposed to active government at home but is more focused on international issues.

K)
Neoconservatism was initially defined by a group of liberals dissatisfied with the liberal system. Irving Kristol, usually regarded as its intellectual ancestor, described a neoconservative as "a liberal mugged by reality".

Although initially seen as a method of addressing domestic policy (the primary instrument of Kristol's magazine, The Public Interest, didn't even include foreign affairs), through the influence of people like Dick Cheney, Robert Kagan, Richard Perle, Kenneth Adelman and (Irving's son) Bill Kristol, it is now best known for its association with the foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration in the Middle East, which used aggressive military action to defend democracy and American interests.

L)
1) The list includes public figures identified as neoconservative at a critical time.

George W. Bush
Jeb Bush
Dick Cheney
Chris Christie
Tom Cotton
Mike Pompeo
Marco Rubio
2) The list includes traditional conservatives, including some Americans:

Ralph Adams Cram
Solani Hertz
William S. Lind
Charles A. Coulombe

M)
Christian conservatism
Christian conservatism, whose adherents focus primarily on traditional family values rooted in religious beliefs. The most common position is that the United States was founded as a Christian rather than a secular country.

Therefore, abortion is unacceptable and should be a matter of prayer in public schools. The concept of intelligent design or creationism must be taught in schools along with evolution, and that marriage is a relationship between two people.

N)
Many criticise the sexuality and profanity present in today's media and society, usually in opposition to pornography and in favour of abstinence-only sex education. This group strongly supported Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.

However, they strongly opposed the appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court in 1981 because she supported the right of women to have abortions. The Supreme Court confirmed her anyway.

O)
Constitutional conservatism
Constitutional conservatism is a type of conservatism within the limits set by the United States Constitution that defends the structures of constitutionalism and protects the principles of the United States Constitution. The most prominent of these principles is the protection of liberty.

This conservatism grew within the Republican Party in the early 20th century in response to progressive tendencies. It is also thought to be influential in today's Tea Party movement. Constitutional conservatism has also been associated with judicial originalism.

Fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism is a type of conservatism based on low taxes and limited government spending.

Libertarian conservatism
Libertarian conservatism is a combination of libertarianism and conservatism. This ideology focuses on a strict definition of the Constitution, especially about federal power.

P)
Libertarian conservatism is an expansive and sometimes discordant coalition of pro-business social moderates, also known as "deficit hawks," who favour a stricter application of states' rights and individual liberty, and many people who put their liberal social philosophies above their fiscal values.

This thinking is characterised by laissez-faire economics and an unbiased view of the federal government and its surveillance programmes and military intervention in foreign countries.

Libertarian conservatives' emphasis on individual liberty often places them at odds with social conservatives, particularly on issues such as abortion, marijuana and gay marriage. Ron Paul and his son Rand Paul have been influential in the Republican presidential race, but they also hold many conservative social values.

Q)
Movement Conservatism
Movement Conservatism is an internal term for conservatives and is also known as the New Right in the United States.

R)
National Conservatism
National conservatism is a contemporary form that focuses on preserving national and cultural identity. The supporters of Donald Trump support this ideology. Donald Trump breaks with the "conservative consensus forged by Cold War politics" of "markets and moralism".

It aims to protect national interests, focuses on American nationalist values, strict law and order policies and the concept of social preservation (family as a unit and symbol of identity), opposes illegal immigration and favours market freedom or laissez-faire policies.

A political conference in 2019 with "public figures, journalists, academics and students" has dubbed this type of conservatism "national conservatism". Critics say its adherents are simply trying to "extract a coherent ideology from the chaos of the Trumpist moment".

S)
Paleoconservatism
Paleoconservatism is, in part, a revival of it, a rebirth of the Old Right that emerged in the 1980s as a reaction to Neoconservatism. It emphasises tradition, especially Christianity, and the importance of society and the community's needs for the family tradition.

T)
Some, like Samuel P. Huntington, argue that multiracial, multicultural and egalitarian states are unbalanced. Paleoconservatives are typically isolationist and sceptical of outside influence. They are the editors of The American Conservative and Chronicles. Chronicles and The American Conservative are generally considered paleoconservative because they are similar to a paleoconservative.

Social conservatism
Social conservatism is a type of conservatism that focuses on the protection of moral values that are part of the past.

U)
Traditional Conservatism
Traditional conservatism is a type of conservatism that is opposed to the rapid changes in politics and social systems. This anti-ideological conservatism emphasises meaning (slow change) over ends (a particular form of government).

For the traditionalist, whether one ends up with a right-wing or left-wing political system is not as important as the fact that change comes through laws rather than revolution or utopian ideas.

V)
What do neoconservatives advocate in general?
Neoconservatives generally advocate a free market economy with minimal taxation and government regulation of the economy, strict limits on government-provided social welfare programmes, and a strong military supported by large defence budgets.

Unlike most conservatives of previous generations, neoconservatives believe that the United States should play an active role in world affairs.

W)
Neoconservatives also believe that lowering tax rates will stimulate steady economic growth and that the steady decline of our democratic culture unites neoconservatives with traditional conservatives.

Here's a quick comparison of Neoconservatism, paleoconservatism and neoliberalism:

Paleoconservatism "Old Right"
1. Oppose the New Deal
2. Support Protectionist and Isolationist measures
3. Favor Social Conservatism and Traditional Values

Neoliberalism “Libertarians”
1. Prefer Small Government
2. Favor Negative Liberty
3. Safeguard Individual Freedom
4. Promote Free Market Capitalism
5. Want Greater Protections for Private Property

Neoconservatism "New Right"
1. Tolerate Larger Government and Federal Budget to Promote Favorable Policies.
2. Support Some Social Programs.
3. War Hawks
4. Encourage the Spread of Democracy
5. Favor Corporate Power
6. Promote Free Market Capitalism
7. Want to Restore Class Power.

X)
Conclusion
Conservatism refers to the political belief that seeks to preserve the American traditions of republicanism, classical liberalism, and a limited federal government about the states. On the other hand, Neoconservatism is a type of conservatism that supports a more aggressive and interventionist foreign policy.

The concept of conservatism is summed up by quoting one of Buckley's chapters, "Up from Liberalism", in which Buckley praises the conservative view based on "freedom, individuality, the sense of community, the sanctity of the family, the supremacy of conscience, the spiritual view of life". In just two paragraphs, Buckley offers a concise outline of the basic principles of conservatism.

2022.09.23 [Politics Study Group Live Vol.2] Anyone can understand it well! What is a “neocon”?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAr7TGFyOPU&t=1843s

Add info)

What is a neoconservative?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLtFxykg1ew

So today, let's tell the story of the counter-counter-culture, the Neo-conservatives. So what is Neoconservatism? It’s a political ideology representing part of the American right wing. They argue that liberal democracies and market capitalism, everything America stand for, are universally the best systems for any given country.
00:47
They see the duty of the United States to bring these systems wherever dictators and socialists dwell. They encourage doing this by any means necessary, including using military, and covert means. It’s the foreign policy ideology of Ronald Reagan and the two George Bushes. It’s important to know that the obsession with free markets is not a necessary part of being a neocon.
01:11
That’s neoliberalism, a video for another time. So who were the neocons? The people that would become the Neocons have their start in New York City in the 1930s. A group of Jewish scholars called “the New York Intellectuals” were activists on the political left. As discussed in the Political correctness video, they were part of the socialists that had issues with hardline Communists who towed the party line.
01:33
Basically, they supported democracy, while many of their comrades on the left were backing Stalin. Many of these people found themselves either in the Democratic Party, or as the right wing of the Socialist Party. They were economic Liberals, but liked society largely the way it was, and really wanted the United States to combat the undemocratic Soviet Union.
01:54
They were rather happy and well-represented, until… well… the sixties. Just in case you don’t have a baby boomer in your life reminding you every other day, the sixties was a major turning point in American political life. A politically engaged generation fought for civil rights for African Americans, to end the war in Vietnam, and for economic equality for women.
02:15
Collectively, these people get labeled the New Left. Initially, there really wasn’t a party for these activist boomers, but when President Lyndon Johnson decided not to run for a second term, the new left got engaged with the Democratic party. It was changing in many ways. Johnson’s support for the Civil Rights Act, and the third party run of pro-segregation candidate George Wallace, resulted in the erosion of the southern, conservative Democrats.
02:40
These events pushed the democratic party to the left, and the new left joined in. This is the point where the Neocons start to assert themselves. A lot of the things going on at this time unsettled them. They didn’t like that their party was moving away from a confrontational relationship with the USSR and accepting all sorts of new social norms.
03:00
And they were not too impressed with Johnson’s Great Society programs like medicare, medicaid, and the welfare service. When the Democrats pushed for anti-war presidential candidate George McGovern, the Neoconservatives broke rank and backed a different candidate for president in cold warrior Democrat Henry “Scoop” Jackson.
03:18
These supporters included future important neoconservatives like Paul Wolfowitz, who would serve in the cabinet of Ronald Reagan, and both the Bushes. Many neoconservatives began crossing the aisle where the found themselves a home in the Republican Party and attracted to the Republicans’ new darling Ronald Reagan.
03:37
Reagan was a proud conservative who openly advocated for a confrontational relationship with the USSR. He became president, and our many, many close calls with nuclear armageddon in that period shows that the neocons got their wish of bullishly standing up to the Soviet Union. Even in only one term, president George Bush managed to get into a war.
03:57
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and Bill Clinton’s rise to power in the early 90s, it seemed as if the Neoconservatives were no longer relevant. Near the end of the century, many Neoconservative big wigs got together and published a policy document called the project for a new American Century. It redirected their confrontation away from the communists, and instead focused on maintaining the United States as the unquestioned overwhelming single world power, supported by a military regularly intervening in other countries.
04:28
The Neoconservatives finally got their day, when they dominated the cabinet picks of George Bush Junior. Bush actually campaigned with a desire to avoid invading other coutnries, and stay out of military interventions. Then… 9/11. After 9/11, Bush’s presidency made a huge change, becoming a Neoconservative’s dream.

04:49
He implemented the Bush doctrine, which called for preemptive wars to deter foreign threats before they even begin. In 2008, John McCain campaigned to keep the wars of the Bush years alive in Afghanistan and Iraq. His loss to Barack Obama threw the Neoconservatives out of the White House for eight years.
05:09
Mitt Romney’s loss in 2012, and the Neoconservatives’ loss in the Republican primaries in 2015 and 2016 seems to show that they are still out of power. Is this the end of the Neocons? They seem to have an adaptable set of beliefs. When there was no longer a cold war, it was about exporting democracy, and now they focus on suppressing global terrorist threats.
05:31
They also seem to have a lot of influence on potential president-elect Hillary Clinton, who is thought of as much more warlike than her predecessor. However, millennials seems to be more against military intervention than their Baby Boomer parents, and so the neocons’ future might be in jeopardy. I’ll toss this question into your arena.
05:50
Is it fair to call Hillary Clinton a neoconservative, or at least acknowledge that she is inspired by their ideas? Or have we seen the last of them? Let me know about it down below. Before I go, I just want to do a small piece of housekeeping. I am going through two weeks of very big and important testing, and so this will be the last video until later in the month.
06:10
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